LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Britain has inherited form the American colonists and State practice and tradition of local autonomy is limited. British institution transplanted to the city and county in America, as well as key local government officials, as the city council, police and sheriff. At the time of the American colonies formed the United Kingdom, more than any other European country has a habit establishedLocal issues will be conducted by local and central government officials. As one of the 13 British colonies in New Jersey English settlers founded the English system of local government level, provincial and municipal above its founding charter, the colonial government. Cities and municipalities an annual gathering brings together people of the city, like other New England state resources to meet their needs.
Lippmann
CreaturesTHE STATE
The local government in New Jersey
The local government is "the year of the management of economic, political and administrative local government at all levels." L ', mechanisms, procedures and institutions to formulate by groups of citizens and their interests, including tasks to meet their statutory rights, duties, and communicate their differences. The local government agencies, businesses and the eternal consequence of government policy and the local population, including the practiceand the basic functions of local authorities. Local authorities is a crucial problem remains. Local governments are creatures of state law enforcement. Local governments in New Jersey, on request, with general-purpose regulated in nature, and villagers.
INDEPENDENT
New Jersey Constitution, unlike most of the Constitution, not the organization and powers of cities, counties,other units of local autonomy. However, the legislature acted quickly on a general system of local governments to create. In accordance with the provisions of the Act of 1798, the New Jersey laws, 1798, p.289, each community has a "body of politicians and corporate law, the powers specified. One law that is applicable to other species in the city. Authentication community will continue to apply the laws of the measures adoptedmany different rules, officials and urban functions. Before 1875, the districts are usually established by a special law, governed by different laws. The constitutional prohibition of special or local law denies this setting and led to the adoption of a general law county in 1878, the New Jersey Laws, 1878, p.403. In addition, the legal classification of cities and municipalities, New Jersey law,1882, 47 p. and 1883, p. 157 The legislation also has to deal with a general model in the circle, while the state on the same site (see NJ Laws 1798, page 270). Finally, he said that the Home Rule Act, PL1917, c.152, there is the will of the legislature, all municipalities broader powers and more comprehensive local affairs. The law on the revision of existing legislation on municipalities, it wasRecommended that the powers of the General Assembly and the law. Under the Act of 1917, as amended, New Jersey, sharing a common body of authority for local purposes.
Powers to ensure security at the local
IV of the Constitution of New Jersey, the New Jersey Constitution contains many statements of the Town Hall. These results are largely implemented through individual grantslegal authority.
IV, Section VI, paragraph 2 allows the New Jersey Constitution of the legislature to the general laws under which municipalities believed other counties regulations limit and restrict the way in some areas of buildings and structures being construction, and the nature and extent of their use and the nature and extent of land use and exercise of this authorization will be considered by the police powerState.
IV, Section VI, paragraph 3 allows local governments to hire or otherwise acquire, whose share of private property for public purposes, provided that the owner of the property, the only compensation.
The main clause of Article IV of the analysis of local powers in New Jersey, § 7, paragraph 11, reads as follows:
"This constitution has worked, and with local law firmsThe municipalities, provinces, or designed for their generous benefits. The powers of the provinces and municipalities, because not only explicitly, but it is also necessary to provide reasonable assurance or indirectly, or incident, given the powers expressly or important contribution, not inconsistent with the Constitution or by or prohibited by law. "
The defense, which prohibits the legislature to pass special acts necessaryRegulatory Affairs in the municipality, with the exception of paragraph Constitution, Article IV, § 9, 7, is not admissible against the law.
9. § reads: "The legislature does not create a private, special or local ... (5), increase or diminish the rights of remuneration, phrase or property of any officer or employee of the government ... ( 12) for the appointment of powers to local authorities. or commissions to regulate municipal affairs. (13), regulate the affairscommon for municipalities and counties formed otherwise provided in the Constitution. "
to enable the next step, however, section 10, the municipalities and counties to petition for special legislation for the implementation NJSA1 :6-10 and post ..
Accountability to voters
One of the great principle of local autonomy and accountability. Tasks relating to proceedings in which those who wield power in elected bodiesRepresentatives stressed that its powers and functions. His two most important elements of liability. political accountability, political leadership, responsibility for their actions is needed. liability policy includes formal and informal activities such as elections, referendums, relationships within and between political parties, the release of information and public debate. Another element of administrative responsibility, which alsoFormal control systems and accounting of public funds. In practice, these two essential elements of nature to another.
The concept of accountability requires assessment of both sides. The consultation focuses on the process of hearing assessment of persons (individually or through associations such as interest groups) is to advise and inform the public should continue to look for targets.The second refers to the process of evaluating policy outcomes, and is used in research. This allows, in theory, the people to assess the quality policy, facilitate the identification of transmission errors or corruption, abuse of political decision-ee. After evaluation, the sanctions developed by the sanctions is not completely discharged, liability (or negligenceIntent).
Statesmen are always accountable to the voters. What you are trying to achieve a certain degree. Develop and maintain a healthy community in a fair and safe environment for all residents, local authorities with the essential requirements. Public spending on local leaders, local representatives of the people, to increase those resources.
Walter Lippmann said: "If people are indecide that it is a society that is incapable of governing is to be represented, promised or represented by a public body by the judicial authorities, who preferred to choose a father, between freedom and the risk of war calendar to be regulated. Large communities are not governed by their absence. "
The local government determines the quality of life
The system of local government, for its activities and functions of New Jerseyimportant force in determining the quality of life for New Jersey residents. Local governments in New Jersey and the consequences of the use of almost all areas of law. Although no form of local government or the people in the federal or state constitution, Article II, paragraph 1 vote, the New Jersey Constitution, elections and the right of the people that "local officials elected in the elections General .... "
New Jersey, local authoritiesState laws of their own legal standards in areas such as utilities, land use, application code and health care. The community is also a law Rogen critical environmental control of alcoholic beverages, cable TV franchise, law enforcement, regulation of private construction, economic regulation, such as rent control and even mundane activities of the problems of traffic control and parking. At the state level control, there is also a very complex legislationA: Collective bargaining, taxation, budgeting and financial management. The government and almost all services directly to citizens, such as police, fire, sewer, water, first aid, waste disposal, recreation, loans etc.
The local government in New Jersey
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